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KARANJA |
Name of the Commodity : Karanja |
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Botanical Name : Pongamia pinnata Perre |
Family : |
Synonyms |
Trade : Poonga
English : Indian Beach
Andhra Pradesh : Gaanug, Pungu
Karnataka : Honge, Huligili, Batti, Uggemara
Kerala : Minnari, Punnu
Tamil Nadu :Pongam, Ponga
Orissa : Koronjo-Kanga
West Bengal : Dalkaramcha
Haryana, M.P, Maharashtra : Karanja, Karanj
Gujarat, U.P., Rajasthan, Punjab : Sukhchain,
Karanj, Papri
Assam : Karchaw |
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Description |
Karanja is a drought resistant semi-deciduous
nitrogen fixing leguminous tree. A medium
sized glabrous tree with a short bole and
spreading crown upto 18 feet high or some
times even more and 1.5 feet in girth, bark
grayish green or brown. |
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Parts Used |
Seeds, Stem, Leaves, Fruit, Root. Seed is
valued for production of Oil |
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Uses |
(a)The
main use of Karanja Oil is in the tanning
industry for dressing of E.I. leathers.
(b) The Karanja Oil is mainly used as a raw
material for manufacturing of washing soaps,
candles and for illumination purposes. The
main constraints for usage of karnanja oil in
soaps are its colour and odour.
(c) The oil has been known for its curative
effect for skin problems such as herpes,
leucoderma, psoriasis, scabies and skin
itches. The root is ground with water and is
used for cure of wounds.
(d) In village, where this tree is common, the
leaves are used for storing grains, books and
clothes to prevent from insect damage.
(e) The oil also find use in treatment of skin
diseases locally.
(f) Cake is rich in protein(30-35%) but it is
unpalatable and toxic to cattle even at 4%
level due to presence of several toxic
principles(karanjin,pongamol etc.). These
toxins are oil soluble and most of the toxin
are removed during solvent extraction of oil
from cake with hexane. Therefore, de-oiled
cakes could be used in compound cattle feed.
(g) The cake contains nitrogen(N) 5.1%,
phosphorous( P 2 O 5) 1.1% and potash ( K 2 0)
1.3.% and has been reported as a useful
organic manure for sugarcane, coffee, oranges
and paddy. It repeals red ants and also
reported effective for nematode controls. It
also possess nitrification inhibition property
and cake is used in blending with nitrogenous
fertilizers.
(h) Oleic acid is the principal unsaturated
fatty acid averaging 45 to 70% of all the
commercially available oils from Tree Borne
Oil Seeds like Neem and Sal, Karanja
containing maximum oleic acid, is a valuable
raw material for oleic acid derived oleo
chemicals apart from other traditional uses.
(i) The oil can be used after neutralization
as a lubricant for heavy lathes, chains,
bearings of small gas engines and heavy
engines.
(j) The oil and its active component karanja
possess insecticidal and antibacterial
properties, 2% karanja oil resin soap spray is
reported to be effective against the nymph and
adult stages of the green bug of coffee. |
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Potential |
The
total estimated potential of Karnaja Seed is
2.00 lakh MT per annum. |
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